旅行腹泻疾病的防治
<section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: #7F7F7F;">现代社会，工作忙碌，难得有机会出去旅游，如果就这么让腹泻破灭了一次开心的旅程，那未免就太可惜了。为什么外出旅游会出现腹泻呢？旅行腹泻也是一种肠胃疾病，主要是旅游者乍到一个完全陌生的地方，气候、环境、水质、饮食发生变化，导致身体不适，而腹泻就是肠胃对这一环境改变做出的反应。</span></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86372" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 1em 1em; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding-bottom: 0.4em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left: 0.3em solid rgb(224, 38, 58); padding-left: 0.6em; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 1.2em;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">腹泻</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;" class="135brush"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">是一种常见症状，俗称“拉肚子”，我们出行旅游一般容易患的是急性腹泻，急性腹泻是指肠粘膜的分泌旺盛与吸收障碍、肠蠕动过快，致排便频率增加，粪质稀薄，含有异常成分者，称为腹泻。急性腹泻起病急骤，每天排便可达10次以上，粪便量多而稀薄，排便时常伴腹鸣、肠绞痛或里急后重。主要表现为恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、发热等，严重者可致脱水、电解质紊乱、休克等。病急性腹泻人多表现为恶心、呕吐在先，继以腹泻，每日3—5次甚至数十日不等，大便多呈水样，深黄色或带绿色，可伴有腹部绞痛、发热、全身酸痛等症状。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86443" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="layout" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 28px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">哪些情况会导致旅游腹泻？</section><section style="border-top: 28px solid transparent; border-right-color: rgb(206, 206, 206); border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; border-left: 15px solid rgb(206, 206, 206); display: inline-block; margin-left: 2px; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="42" style="position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;" data-color="rgb(172, 29, 16)" data-custom="rgb(172, 29, 16)"><section style="max-width: 100%; padding: 5px 15px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 25px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px; border: 0px; background-color: rgb(172, 29, 16); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">饮食不节</span></section><section class="135brush" data-style="font-size:14px" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 10px 15px 20px; border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid rgb(172, 29, 16); line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="font-size: 14px;">旅途中就餐毫无规律，往往将就，而一旦见到异地风味又胃口大开，想尽情一饱口福，结果暴饮暴食导致消化不良。</p></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p><br></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="42" style="position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;" data-color="rgb(211, 42, 99)" data-custom="rgb(211, 42, 99)"><section style="max-width: 100%; padding: 5px 15px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 25px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px; border: 0px; background-color: rgb(211, 42, 99); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">饮食不洁</span></section><section class="135brush" data-style="font-size:14px" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 10px 15px 20px; border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid rgb(211, 42, 99); line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="font-size: 14px;">摄入被细菌(主要是大肠杆菌)污染的食物，造成感染性腹泻，是旅游者腹泻最主要的原因，在东南亚国家和偏远山区、农村等卫生条件较差的地区旅游，尤其容易发生。</p></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p><br></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="42" style="position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;" data-color="rgb(226, 86, 27)" data-custom="rgb(226, 86, 27)"><section style="max-width: 100%; padding: 5px 15px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 25px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px; border: 0px; background-color: rgb(226, 86, 27); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">进食生冷</span></section><section class="135brush" data-style="font-size:14px" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 10px 15px 20px; border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid rgb(226, 86, 27); line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="font-size: 14px;">过多摄入辛辣、生冷的食物，对于平时胃肠敏感、功能较弱以及胃酸过多、患慢性胃炎的人，很容易被刺激引起功能性腹泻。</p></section></section><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="42" style="position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;" data-color="rgb(12, 137, 24)" data-custom="rgb(12, 137, 24)"><section style="max-width: 100%; padding: 5px 15px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 25px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px; border: 0px; background-color: rgb(12, 137, 24); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">水质变化</span></section><section class="135brush" data-style="font-size:14px" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 10px 15px 20px; border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid rgb(12, 137, 24); line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="font-size: 14px;">即所谓“不服水土”。经常是同饮一壶水，旅游者腹泻，当地居民却没事。那是因为他们长期与某种病原菌接触，肠道内产生了抗体，而旅游者就容易被感染。</p></section></section><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="42" style="position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;" data-color="rgb(55, 74, 174)" data-custom="rgb(55, 74, 174)"><section style="max-width: 100%; padding: 5px 15px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 25px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px; border: 0px; background-color: rgb(55, 74, 174); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">旅程劳累</span></section><section class="135brush" data-style="font-size:14px" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 10px 15px 20px; border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid rgb(55, 74, 174); line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="font-size: 14px;">旅游往往行程紧张，平素的生活起居规律被打乱，难免身体疲劳，导致机体的抵抗力降低，从而使胃肠道更容易感染疾病。</p></section></section><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="87405" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border: 16px solid rgb(255, 129, 36); -webkit-border-image: url("http://image2.135editor.com/cache/remote/aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xbG9nby5jbi9tbWJpei96aWFkRERReGJDSkZIZHk2aWI5elJaSVhoQmNybFlpYmx0Ykk4cDV6ZHNpYlhKaWNRaWNhV043RTVtczdpYkcwcGEzOHhMdTU3NTBlNGNkOVJ0NkZKa2JPaWM3cDFBLzA/d3hfZm10PXBuZw==") 50 fill; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;" class="layout"><section class="135brush" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: #7F7F7F;">旅游者腹泻 (旅游泻)是因为旅行者到外地而感染的一种急性腹泻性疾病。旅游者在旅行时一定要注意饮食卫生，不要暴饮暴食，并防止腹部着凉，要保证充足睡眠，切勿过劳。如旅游中在进食后马上感到不适，可立即服用黄连素，还可多食一些米醋。</span></p></section></section></section><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="41" style="position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;" data-color="rgb(172, 29, 16)" data-custom="rgb(172, 29, 16)"><blockquote class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 5px 15px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 25px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px; border: 0px; background-color: rgb(172, 29, 16); box-sizing: border-box;">旅行腹泻治疗</blockquote><blockquote class="135brush" style="max-width: 100%; border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px; border: 0px none; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); line-height: 25px; padding: 10px 15px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p>“旅游泻”诊断明确后，应按病因治疗，以求最理想疗效。</p></blockquote></section><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86443" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="layout" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 28px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text"> 一般常用以下药物</section><section style="border-top: 28px solid transparent; border-right-color: rgb(206, 206, 206); border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; border-left: 15px solid rgb(206, 206, 206); display: inline-block; margin-left: 2px; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86161" style="position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; position: static; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 8px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(99, 135, 146) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 24px; padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 20px;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">黏膜保护收涩剂</span></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="135brush" style="position: static; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p>属于胃肠黏膜保护剂，可以直接起到止泻防止肠道渗出的作用，如蒙脱石类的思密达等。这类药口服后主要停留在胃肠道，不吸收入血，因此，孕妇、哺乳期妇女等患者也可以放心使用。</p></section></section></section></section></section><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86161" style="position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; position: static; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 8px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(99, 135, 146) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 24px; padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 20px;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">口服补液盐</span></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="135brush" style="position: static; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p>是感染疾病科给腹泻患者最多的一种药。腹泻造成的主要危害是脱水，严重时会引起低血容量休克。因此，对于大量严重腹泻在未明确致病原因的患者，立即给予口服补液盐有积极的临床意义。</p></section></section></section></section></section><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86161" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; position: static; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 8px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(99, 135, 146) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 24px; padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 20px;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">微生态类制剂</span></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="135brush" style="position: static; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p>微生态类常用药有双歧杆菌三联(培菲康、金双歧)，枯草杆菌二联(美常安)，地衣芽孢杆菌(整肠生)等。这类药物是通过补充肠道的正常寄生菌竞争性地对抗致病菌来治疗腹泻的。值得注意的是，在应用这类药物时需要与抗生素类药物分开服用，以免抗生素对活菌的干扰，互相抵消作用。</p></section></section></section></section></section><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86161" style="position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; position: static; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 8px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(99, 135, 146) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 24px; padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 20px;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">抗菌药和维生素</span></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="135brush" style="position: static; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p>旅行朋友应用抗生素之前应就医，必须由医生诊断是细菌感染性胃肠道疾病才能使用。喹诺酮类：是目前最常用的肠道抗菌药，有诺氟沙星、左氧氟沙星等。这类药物对骨骼生长可能会有一些影响，所以最好在18岁以上的成人使用。头孢类：一般使用三代头孢，有头孢克肟、头孢曲松等。滥用抗生素反而会导致菌群失调性腹泻。</p></section></section></section></section></section><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86161" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; position: static; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 8px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(99, 135, 146) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 24px; padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 20px;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">中成药</span></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="135brush" style="position: static; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p>常用的健脾养胃止泻的中成药有参苓白术散、葛根芩连颗粒等。</p><p><br></p></section></section></section></section></section><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="87405" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border: 16px solid rgb(255, 129, 36); -webkit-border-image: url("http://image2.135editor.com/cache/remote/aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xbG9nby5jbi9tbWJpei96aWFkRERReGJDSkZIZHk2aWI5elJaSVhoQmNybFlpYmx0Ykk4cDV6ZHNpYlhKaWNRaWNhV043RTVtczdpYkcwcGEzOHhMdTU3NTBlNGNkOVJ0NkZKa2JPaWM3cDFBLzA/d3hfZm10PXBuZw==") 50 fill; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;" class="layout"><section class="135brush" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p>对于重度脱水，应静脉补液，同时迅速转送医院，争取抢救时间。</p></section></section></section><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86443" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="layout" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 28px; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">注意事项</section><section style="border-top: 28px solid transparent; border-right-color: rgb(206, 206, 206); border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; border-left: 15px solid rgb(206, 206, 206); display: inline-block; margin-left: 2px; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="42" style="position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;" data-color="rgb(216, 40, 33)" data-custom="rgb(216, 40, 33)"><section style="max-width: 100%; padding: 5px 15px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 25px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px; border: 0px; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">注意充分休息</span></section><section class="135brush" data-style="font-size:14px" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 10px 15px 20px; border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid rgb(216, 40, 33); line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="font-size: 14px;">外出旅游出现腹泻时，应注意充分休息，避免疲劳和精神过度紧张。避免食用含刺激性的难以消化的食品，尽量避免含粗糙纤维食物，暂时不吃牛奶和乳制品，并适当补充液体和电解质。</p></section></section><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="42" style="position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;" data-color="rgb(235, 103, 148)" data-custom="rgb(235, 103, 148)"><section style="max-width: 100%; padding: 5px 15px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 25px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px; border: 0px; background-color: rgb(235, 103, 148); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">补充营养</span></section><section class="135brush" data-style="font-size:14px" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 10px 15px 20px; border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid rgb(235, 103, 148); line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="font-size: 14px;">腹泻导致身体营养损失，所以即使腹泻也要进行营养补充，可以吃一些稀、软、易消化、有营养的食物，如鸡蛋羹、麦片粥、米粥、面条。</p></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p><br></p></section><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="42" style="position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;" data-color="rgb(255, 129, 36)" data-custom="rgb(255, 129, 36)"><section style="max-width: 100%; padding: 5px 15px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 25px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px; border: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 129, 36); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">补水和电解质</span></section><section class="135brush" data-style="font-size:14px" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 10px 15px 20px; border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid rgb(255, 129, 36); line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="font-size: 14px;"> 出现腹泻时，大肠内黏膜遭到破坏，对水分的吸收功能就会大大减弱，水分被大量排出，容易发生脱水，此时应该注意补水和电解质。</p></section></section><p><br></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="42" style="position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;" data-color="rgb(30, 155, 232)" data-custom="rgb(30, 155, 232)"><section style="max-width: 100%; padding: 5px 15px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 25px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px; border: 0px; background-color: rgb(30, 155, 232); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text">注意卫生</span></section><section class="135brush" data-style="font-size:14px" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 10px 15px 20px; border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid rgb(30, 155, 232); line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="font-size: 14px;">不论有没有出现腹泻都应该注意卫生问题，如若吃了不干净或者其他刺激性食物，容易引起病菌感染(大肠杆菌、沙门菌)，产生比较严重的呕吐或者腹泻。</p></section></section><p><br></p></section><p></p>
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